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Steve Bannon

American media executive and former White House Chief Strategist for Donald Trump

Stephen Kevin Bannon (born November 27, 1953) is an American media executive, political figure, strategist, former investment banker, and the former executive chairman of Breitbart News. He served as White House Chief Strategist in the administration of U.S. President Donald Trump during the first seven months of Trump's term.12

Bannon was an officer in the United States Navy for seven years in the late 1970s and early 1980s. After his military service, he worked at Goldman Sachs as an investment banker, and left as vice president. In 1993, he became acting director of the research project Biosphere 2. In the 1990s, he became an executive producer in Hollywood, and produced 18 films between 1991 and 2016. In 2007, he co-founded Breitbart News, a far-right[i] website which he described in 2016 as "the platform for the alt-right".[I]

In August 2016, Bannon was named the chief executive officer of Trump's 2016 presidential bid.34 Appointed Chief Strategist in the Trump administration, he left this position on August 18, 2017 and rejoined Breitbart. After leaving the White House, Bannon opposed the establishment Republican Party and supported insurgent candidates in Republican primaries. After Roy Moore, supported by Bannon, lost the 2017 United States Senate election in Alabama, Bannon's reputation as a political strategist was questioned.56 In January 2018, Bannon was disavowed by Trump for critical comments reported in the book Fire and Fury7 and left Breitbart.

After leaving the White House, Bannon declared his intention to become "the infrastructure, globally, for the global populist movement."8 Accordingly, he has supported various national populist conservative political movements around the world. These include France's National Front,9 Hungary's Fidesz,10 the Italian League,11 the Brothers of Italy,12 Alternative for Germany,13 the Sweden Democrats,14 the Dutch Party for Freedom,15 the Freedom Party of Austria,16 the Swiss People's Party,17 the UK Independence Party,18 the Flemish Vlaams Belang,19 the Belgian People's Party,20 Spain’s Vox,21 the Finns Party,22 the pan-European identitarian movement,23 Republika Srpska's Alliance of Independent Social Democrats,24 the Brazilian 2018 Jair Bolsonaro presidential campaign,25 and the Israeli Likud.26 Bannon believes that the aforementioned movements – along with Japan’s Shinzo Abe, India’s Narendra Modi, Russia's Vladimir Putin, Saudi Arabia's Mohammad bin Salman, China's Xi Jinping, Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and America's Donald Trump, as well as similar leaders in Egypt, the Philippines, Poland, and South Korea – are part of a global shift towards nationalism.272829

A self-described economic nationalist, Bannon advocates for reductions in immigration,30 restrictions on free trade with China and Mexico,3132 and an increased federal income tax for those earning incomes of over $5 million a year.33 Bannon is a skeptic of military intervention abroad and has opposed proposals for the expansion of U.S. involvement in Afghanistan,34 Syria,35 and Venezuela.36 He has referred to himself as a "proud Christian Zionist" in reference to his support of Israel. He has been described by some as a white nationalist but rejects the description.37 According to conservative commentator David French, Bannon has "done more than any other person to introduce the ... alt-right into mainstream American life".38

Early life and education

Stephen Kevin Bannon was born on November 27, 1953 in Norfolk, Virginia, to Doris (née Herr), a homemaker, and Martin J. Bannon Jr.,39 who worked as an AT&T telephone lineman and as a middle manager.4041 His working class, Irish Catholic family was pro-Kennedy and pro-union Democrat.4243

Bannon graduated from Benedictine College Preparatory, a private, Catholic, military high school in Richmond, Virginia, in 1971,44 and then attended Virginia Tech, where he served as the president of the student government association.45 During the summers he worked at a local junk yard.46

He graduated from Virginia Tech College of Architecture and Urban Studies in 1976, with a bachelor's degree in urban planning. While serving in the navy, he earned a master's degree in national security studies in 1983 from Georgetown University School of Foreign Service.47 In 1985,48 but note that some places mistakenly claim Bannon graduated in 1983, which was his *first* year at Harvard,49 according to the Boston Globe. Bannon earned a Master of Business Administration degree with honors50 from Harvard Business School.51

Service as naval officer

Bannon was an officer in the United States Navy for seven years in the late 1970s and early 1980s; he served on the destroyer USS Paul F. Foster as a surface warfare officer in the Pacific Fleet, and afterwards stateside as a special assistant to the Chief of Naval Operations at the Pentagon.52 Bannon's job at the Pentagon was, among other things, handling messages between senior officers and writing reports about the state of the Navy fleet worldwide.53 While at the Pentagon, Bannon attended Georgetown University at night and obtained his master's degree in national security studies.54

In 1980, Bannon was deployed to the Persian Gulf to assist with Operation Eagle Claw during the Iran hostage crisis. The mission's failure marked a turning point in his political world-view from largely apolitical to strongly Reaganite, which was further reinforced by the September 11 attacks.5556 Bannon has stated, "I wasn't political until I got into the service and saw how badly Jimmy Carter fucked things up. I became a huge Reagan admirer. Still am. But what turned me against the whole establishment was coming back from running companies in Asia in 2008 and seeing that Bush had fucked up as badly as Carter. The whole country was a disaster."57

Upon his departure he was ranked as a lieutenant (O-3).58[b]

Business career

Investment banking

After his military service, Bannon worked at Goldman Sachs as an investment banker in the Mergers and Acquisitions Department.59 In 1987, he relocated from New York to Los Angeles, to assist Goldman in expanding their presence in the entertainment industry.60 He stayed at this position with Goldman in Los Angeles for two years, and left with the title of vice president.61[c]

In 1990, Bannon and several colleagues from Goldman Sachs launched their own company "Bannon & Co.", a boutique investment bank specializing in media. In one of Bannon & Co.'s transactions, the firm represented Westinghouse Electric which wanted to sell Castle Rock Entertainment.62 Bannon negotiated a sale of Castle Rock to CNN, which was owned by Ted Turner at the time.63 Instead of a full adviser's fee, Bannon & Co. accepted a financial stake in five television shows, including Seinfeld, which was in its third season. Bannon still receives cash residuals each time Seinfeld is aired.64 Société Générale purchased Bannon & Co. in 1998.65

Earth science

In 1993, while still managing Bannon & Co., Bannon became acting director of the earth science research project Biosphere 2 in Oracle, Arizona. Under Bannon, the closed-system experiment project shifted emphasis from researching human space exploration and colonization toward the scientific study of earth's environment, pollution, and climate change. He left the project in 1995.6667

Entertainment and media

Bannon in 2010

In the 1990s, Bannon ventured into entertainment and media, and became an executive producer in the Hollywood film and media industry. Bannon produced 18 films,68 from Sean Penn's drama The Indian Runner (1991) to Julie Taymor's film Titus (1999). Bannon became a partner with entertainment industry executive Jeff Kwatinetz at film and television management company The Firm, Inc., 2002–2003.6970

In 2004, Bannon made a documentary about Ronald Reagan titled In the Face of Evil. Through the making and screening of this film, Bannon was introduced to Reagan's War author Peter Schweizer and publisher Andrew Breitbart, who would later describe him as the Leni Riefenstahl of the Tea Party movement.71 Bannon was involved in the financing and production of a number of films, including Fire from the Heartland: The Awakening of the Conservative Woman (2010), The Undefeated (2011), and Occupy Unmasked (2012).

Bannon persuaded Goldman Sachs to invest, in 2006, in a company known as Internet Gaming Entertainment.72 Following a lawsuit, the company rebranded as Affinity Media, and Bannon took over as CEO. From 2007 through 2011, Bannon was the chair and CEO of Affinity Media.7374

In 2007, Bannon wrote an eight-page treatment for a new documentary called Destroying the Great Satan: The Rise of Islamic Facism (sic) in America. The outline states that "although driven by the 'best intentions,' institutions such as the media, the Jewish community and government agencies were appeasing jihadists aiming to create an Islamic republic."75 In 2011, Bannon spoke at the Liberty Restoration Foundation in Orlando, Florida, about the Economic Crisis of 2008, the Troubled Assets Relief Program, and their impact in the origins of the Tea Party movement, while also discussing his films Generation Zero (2010) and The Undefeated.76

Bannon was executive chair and co-founder of the Government Accountability Institute, a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) organization (where he helped orchestrate the publication of Breitbart News senior editor-at-large77 Peter Schweizer's book Clinton Cash),7879 from its founding in 2012 until his departure in August 2016.80 For the years 2012 through 2015, he received between $81,000 and $100,000 each year; the organization reported that he worked an average of 30 hours per week for the organization.81 He has also worked as vice president of the board of Cambridge Analytica, a data-analytics firm which allegedly used illegal tactics to target American voters in the 2016 election and is owned largely by the Mercer family,82 the family that also co-owns Breitbart News.83

In 2015, Bannon was ranked No. 19 on Mediaite's list of the "25 Most Influential in Political News Media 2015".84

Bannon also hosted a radio show (Breitbart News Daily) on the SiriusXM Patriot satellite radio channel.85

Breitbart News

Bannon was a founding member of the board of Breitbart News,86 a right-wing news, opinion and commentary website. Philip Elliott and Zeke J. Miller of Time say the site has "pushed racist, sexist, xenophobic and anti-Semitic material into the vein of the alternative right".87 Bannon said that Breitbart's ideological mix included libertarians, Zionists, the conservative gay community, same-sex marriage opponents, economic nationalists, populists, as well as alt-right, the alt-right comprising a very small proportion overall. Conceding the alt-right holds views with "racial and anti-Semitic overtones," Bannon said he has zero tolerance for such views.8889

In March 2012, after founder Andrew Breitbart's death, Bannon became executive chair of Breitbart News LLC, the parent company of Breitbart News.909192 Under his leadership, Breitbart took a more alt-right and nationalistic approach toward its agenda.93 In 2016, Bannon declared the website "the platform for the alt-right".94 Speaking about his role at Breitbart, Bannon said: "We think of ourselves as virulently anti-establishment, particularly 'anti-' the permanent political class."95

On August 18, 2017, Breitbart announced that Bannon would return as executive chairman following his White House employment.96 On January 9, 2018, he stepped down as executive chairman.97

Political career

Donald Trump campaign

On August 17, 2016, Bannon was appointed chief executive of Donald Trump's presidential campaign.98 Bannon left Breitbart, as well as the Government Accountability Institute99 and Cambridge Analytica,100 to take the job. Shortly after he assumed the chief executive role, the chairman of the Trump campaign, Paul Manafort, was dismissed.101102103104105

A placard criticizing Bannon at an anti-Trump protest

On November 13, following Donald Trump's election victory, Bannon was appointed chief strategist and senior counselor to the President-elect.106 His appointment drew opposition from the Anti-Defamation League (ADL), the Council on American–Islamic Relations, the Southern Poverty Law Center, Democratic Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid, and some Republican strategists because of statements in Breitbart News that were alleged to be racist or anti-Semitic.107108109110111 A number of prominent conservative Jews, however, defended Bannon against the allegations of anti-Semitism, including Ben Shapiro,112113114 David Horowitz,115 Pamela Geller,116 Bernard Marcus of the Republican Jewish Coalition,117 Morton Klein118 and the Zionist Organization of America,119 and Rabbi Shmuley Boteach.120

Alan Dershowitz at first defended Bannon, saying there was no evidence he was anti-Semitic,121122 but then in a later piece stated that Bannon had made bigoted statements against Muslims, women, and others.123 The ADL stated "We are not aware of any anti-Semitic statements from Bannon."124 Shapiro, who previously worked as an editor-at-large at Breitbart, said he had no evidence of Bannon being racist or an anti-Semite, but that Bannon was "happy to pander to those people and make common cause with them in order to transform conservatism into European far-right nationalist populism".125 Bannon had referred to Front National politician Marion Maréchal-Le Pen as "the new rising star".126

On November 15, 2016, U.S. Representative David Cicilline of Rhode Island released a letter to Trump signed by 169 Democratic House Representatives urging him to rescind his appointment of Bannon. The letter stated that appointing Bannon "sends a disturbing message about what kind of president Donald Trump wants to be",127128129 because his "ties to the White Nationalist movement have been well documented"; it went on to present several examples of Breitbart News' alleged xenophobia.130 Bannon denied being a white nationalist and claimed, rather, that he was an "economic nationalist."131

On November 18, during his first interview not conducted by Breitbart Media since the 2016 presidential election, Bannon remarked on some criticisms made about him, saying, "Darkness is good: Dick Cheney. Darth Vader. Satan. That's power. It only helps us when they get it wrong. When they're blind to who we are and what we're doing."132133 The quote was published widely in the media.134135136137

In an interview with The New York Times in late November, Trump responded to the controversy over Bannon's appointment, saying, "I've known Steve Bannon a long time. If I thought he was a racist, or alt-right, or any of the things that we can, you know, the terms we can use, I wouldn't even think about hiring him."138

Reuters reported on October 31, 2018 that the Senate Intelligence Committee is conducting a "wide-ranging" investigation of Bannon's activities during the campaign, including knowledge he may have had about any contacts between Russia and two campaign advisors, George Papadopoulos and Carter Page, as well as his role with Cambridge Analytica.139

Trump administration

Bannon and other advisors watching Trump sign an executive order
White House Chief Strategist Steve Bannon shakes hands with WH Chief of Staff Reince Priebus at 2017 CPAC

Upon his inauguration, Trump appointed Bannon to be his Chief Strategist, a newly created position. The title made him a senior advisor to the president, nearly equivalent in authority to the Chief of Staff.140 As a staff member in the Executive Office of the President, the position did not require Senate confirmation.141 Breitbart editor Julia Hahn followed Bannon to the White House, where she was appointed as Bannon's aide, as well as Special Assistant to President Trump.142

In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter in the aftermath of the 2016 election, Bannon analogized his influence to that of "Thomas Cromwell in the court of the Tudors".143144145

Several days after Donald Trump's inauguration, Bannon told an American newspaper, "The media should be embarrassed and humiliated and keep its mouth shut and just listen for a while. I want you to quote this: the media here is the opposition party. They don't understand this country. They still do not understand why Donald Trump is the president of the United States."146

Bannon, along with Stephen Miller, was involved in the creation of Executive Order 13769, which resulted in restricted U.S. travel and immigration by individuals from seven countries, suspension of the United States Refugee Admissions Program (USRAP) for 120 days, and indefinite suspension of the entry of Syrians to the United States.147148 According to The Economist, a British news magazine, Bannon and Miller "see Mr [Vladimir] Putin as a fellow nationalist and crusader against cosmopolitanism."149

'Bannon Says Corporatist Global Media Opposed to Economic Nationalist Agenda' video from Voice of America, recorded at the Conservative Political Action Conference 2017

In February 2017, Bannon appeared on the cover of Time, on which he was labeled "the Great Manipulator".150 The headline used for the associated article was "Is Steve Bannon the Second Most Powerful Man in the World?", alluding to Bannon's perceived influence in the White House.151

It was reported that he intentionally published stories to undermine H.R. McMaster. Bannon allegedly did this by leaking information to the alternative media, including alt-right writer Mike Cernovich.152153 It was also reported that the Trump administration retroactively granted Bannon a blanket exemption from federal ethics rules that allowed him to communicate with editors at Breitbart News,154 which according to former Breitbart consultant Kurt Bardella would be proof of the administration's intent to allow him to continue being "the de facto editorial director of Breitbart".155

National Security Council

At the end of January 2017, in a departure from the previous format of the National Security Council (NSC), the holder of Bannon's position, along with that of the Chief of Staff, were designated by presidential memorandum as regular attendees to the NSC's Principals Committee, a Cabinet-level senior inter-agency forum for considering national security issues.156157 The enacted arrangement was criticized by several members of previous administrations and was called "stone cold crazy" by Susan E. Rice, Barack Obama's last national security adviser.158 In response, White House spokesman Sean Spicer pointed to Bannon's seven years experience as a Navy officer in justifying his presence on the Committee.159

Bannon was removed from his NSC role in early April 2017 in a reorganization by U.S. National Security Advisor H. R. McMaster, whom Bannon had helped select.160 Some White House officials said Bannon's main purpose in serving on the committee was as a check against former National Security Advisor Michael T. Flynn, who had resigned in February 2017 for misleading the vice president about a conversation with the Russian ambassador to the United States.161162 Hence, with Flynn gone, Bannon was no longer needed.163 Bannon reportedly opposed his removal from the council and threatened to quit if president Trump went forward with it, although Republican megadonor Rebekah Mercer urged him to stay.164 The White House said Bannon had not attempted to leave, and Bannon said any indication that he threatened resignation was "total nonsense".165 Bannon only attended one NSC meeting.166

Departure from the White House

Bannon's employment in the White House ended on August 18, 2017, less than a week after the Charlottesville Unite the Right rally which degenerated into violence and acrimony. Whereas members of both political parties condemned the hatred and violence of white nationalists, neo-Nazis and alt-right activists, The New York Times noted that Trump "was the only national political figure to spread blame for the 'hatred, bigotry and violence' that resulted in the death of one person to 'many sides'".167 The decision to blame "many sides" was reported to have come from Bannon.168 The NAACP released a statement saying that while they "acknowledge and appreciate President Trump's disavowment of the hatred which has resulted in a loss of life today", they called on Trump "to take the tangible step to remove Steve Bannon – a well-known white supremacist leader – from his team of advisers". The statement further described Bannon as a "symbol of white nationalism" who "energized that sentiment" through his current position within the White House.169170

Some sources stated that White House Chief of Staff John F. Kelly asked Bannon on August 18, 2017, to submit his immediate resignation in lieu of being fired.171 Bannon, however, stated he was not fired but rather submitted his two-week resignation notice on August 4, 2017.172 He reminded The Weekly Standard that he'd joined then-presidential candidate Trump's campaign on August 14, 2016, and said he'd "always planned on spending one year," but that he stayed a few more days due to the Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia.173

In an official statement, White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said, "... John Kelly and Steve Bannon have mutually agreed today would be Steve's last day. We are grateful for his service and wish him the best."174175176

The same day, Breitbart News announced that Bannon would return to the site as executive chairman.177 Several weeks after his departure it was reported that Trump still called Bannon using his personal cell phone, and only calling when chief of staff Kelly was not around.178 The Washington Post reported in October 2017 that Trump and Bannon remained in regular contact.179

Post-Trump administration activities

Republican Senate primaries

After leaving the Trump administration, the media widely reported Bannon's efforts to unseat incumbent Republican members of Congress he deemed to be insufficiently supportive of Trump's agenda.180181182 In October he said he planned to sponsor primary challenges against six of the seven incumbent Republican senators in the 2018 elections. He said he had two requirements for a candidate to earn his support: they must pledge to vote against Mitch McConnell as Senate Majority Leader and to end the Senate filibuster.183

Bannon received credit for helping Roy Moore defeat incumbent Senator Luther Strange in the September Republican primary for the 2017 special Alabama Senate election, despite Trump's having endorsed Strange.184 However, Moore lost in the general election after nine women, the month before the election, alleged sexual misconduct; Bannon doubled down on his support for the candidate, raising doubt about the veracity of the accusations.185 Following Moore's loss of what had been considered a safe Republican seat, Bannon's reputation as a political strategist was questioned by Republican commentators.186

Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House

In January 2018, upon the publication of Michael Wolff's book Fire and Fury: Inside the Trump White House, which attributed many controversial and inflammatory statements to Bannon, Bannon and Trump became estranged and were widely seen as enemies.187188 The book quoted Bannon as saying that Ivanka Trump was "as dumb as a brick";189 that the meeting among Donald Trump Jr., Jared Kushner, Paul Manafort, and agents of Russia was "treasonous";190 and that Special Prosecutor Robert Mueller would cause Donald Trump Jr. to "crack like an egg on live television".191 Bannon also warned that investigators would likely uncover money laundering involving Jared Kushner and his family business loans from Deutsche Bank.192

Trump promptly disavowed Bannon, saying that Bannon "lost his mind" when he left the White House, and attacking him in multiple angry statements.193194 In a tweet on the evening of January 4, 2018, Trump referred to Bannon as "Sloppy Steve."195 On January 7, 2018, Bannon expressed regret over his delayed response, declared his "unwavering" support for Trump and his agenda, and praised Donald Trump Jr.196 Bannon said his remarks about the campaign meeting were aimed at Manafort instead of Trump Jr., a claim which Wolff contested.197

Because of the break with Trump, Bannon's position as head of Breitbart News was called into question by Breitbart's owners,198199 and on January 9 it was announced that he had stepped down as executive chairman.200

European politics

Bannon has announced plans to move to Brussels for half the year to launch a new political operation to unite populist parties across Europe before the European Parliament election, 2019.201 He has formed a foundation for nationalist parties called The Movement.202

Brazilian elections

In August 2018, Bannon met with Eduardo Bolsonaro, the son of far-right candidate Jair Bolsonaro, and serves as informal advisor to the Bolsonaro campaign in the Brazilian presidential elections.203

Political beliefs

Bannon told Michael Lewis in February 2018, "We got elected on Drain the Swamp, Lock Her Up, Build a Wall. This was pure anger. Anger and fear is what gets people to the polls." He added, "The Democrats don't matter. The real opposition is the media. And the way to deal with them is to flood the zone with shit."204

Individual issues

Bannon has advocated reductions in immigration205 and restrictions on free trade, particularly with China and Mexico.206207 He is in favor of raising federal income taxes to 44% for those earning incomes over $5 million a year as a way to pay for middle class tax cuts.208 He also supports significantly increasing spending on infrastructure, describing himself as "the guy pushing a trillion-dollar infrastructure plan".209 Bannon is opposed to government bailouts, describing them as "socialism for the very wealthy".210 He generally believes in reducing the size of the federal bureaucracy, declaring at the Conservative Political Action Conference he favored the "deconstruction of the administrative state".211 However, he does support increased regulation of Internet companies like Facebook and Google, which he regards as akin to utilities in the modern age.212 He opposed the merger between Time-Warner and AT&T on antitrust grounds.213 He was a strong opponent of the Paris climate agreement within the administration, successfully persuading the President to withdraw from it.214

On overseas military intervention

He is generally skeptical of military intervention abroad, opposing proposals for the expansion of U.S. involvement in the War in Afghanistan,215 the Syrian Civil War,216 and the crisis in Venezuela.217 As White House Chief Strategist, Bannon reportedly opposed the 2017 Shayrat missile strike, but was overruled by Senior Advisor to the President Jared Kushner.218

In Afghanistan, he supported a proposal by Erik Prince for the deployment of private military contractors instead of the U.S. military.219 He believes "there is no military solution" to the 2017 North Korea crisis.220

Bannon has described U.S. allies in Europe, the Persian Gulf, the South China Sea, the Strait of Malacca, as well as South Korea and Japan, as having become "protectorates of the United States" that do not "make an effort to defend [themselves]", and believes NATO members should pay a minimum of 2% of GDP on defense.221

He also supports repairing United States-Russia relations and opposes upgrading the U.S. nuclear arsenal.222

On the Middle East

Bannon strongly favors U.S. withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal,223 and was supportive of the approach taken by Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman during the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis224 and the 2017 Saudi Arabian purge.[citation needed] He believes Qatar is "no less dangerous" than North Korea.225

Bannon believes Iran, Turkey and China are forming a "new axis" to challenge the West,226 and has described Turkey as "the greatest danger facing the United States" and "far more dangerous than Iran".227

Bannon reportedly speaks often with Trump donor Sheldon Adelson, and has been alarmed at a push for a renewed Middle East peace process.228 He has described Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas as a "terrorist".229 He has advocated giving the land in the West Bank to Jordan and in Gaza to Egypt.230

On the UK

Although Bannon initially favored the British National Party (BNP) and the English Defence League (EDL) in the United Kingdom,231 he later backed the UK Independence Party (UKIP).232

Nigel Farage, the former leader of UKIP, once presented Bannon with a portrait of Bannon dressed as Napoleon Bonaparte.233 Bannon has encouraged Farage to return as leader of UKIP.234

Bannon has called for the release of former EDL leader Tommy Robinson from prison, describing him as the "backbone" of Britain.235

Bannon has also called for a revolt in the United Kingdom should the country adopt a soft Brexit, stating, "If I was in middle England and said this wasn't what I voted for I would rise up and make sure the guys in parliament knew it." When asked whether this should be interpreted as a "call to arms", he replied: "Absolutely".236

Bannon has met with Jacob Rees-Mogg, a prospective candidate for the leadership of the country's Conservative Party,237 describing him as "one of the best thinkers in the conservative movement on a global basis."238

Bannon has also urged Boris Johnson, another potential leadership contender, who Bannon said in July 2018 that he had known "over the last year" and was "very impressed" with, to challenge Prime Minister Theresa May.239240 According to a Buzzfeed News report, Bannon was in private contact with Johnson during his visit to Britain that month, and the two men were previously in text communication during their respective tenures as White House Chief Strategist and British Foreign Secretary.241

On Europe and Asia

Steve Bannon on the future of Europe

Bannon is supportive of several European right-wing populist national conservative movements such as the Hungarian Fidesz, the French National Front, the Spanish Vox, the Dutch Party for Freedom, Alternative for Germany, the Italian Northern League, the Brothers of Italy, the Freedom Party of Austria, the Sweden Democrats, the Finns Party, the Flemish Vlaams Belang, the Belgian People's Party, the Polish National Movement, and the Swiss People's Party.242243244245246247248249

Bannon has also praised the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party government of Narendra Modi in India,250 and Shinzo Abe's Liberal Democratic Party government in Japan.251

Overview and influences

Bannon's political and economic views have been described by others as nationalist,252 right-wing populist,253 and paleoconservative.254 He self-identifies as a conservative.255256257 He rejects allegations that he is a white nationalist,258 calling white nationalists "losers", a "fringe element", and a "collection of clowns",259 and describing white supremacist Richard Spencer as a "self promoting freak" and a "goober".260 In 2018, Bannon said at a speech for the right-wing French National Front Party "Let them call you racists...let them call you xenophobes...let them call you nativists. Wear it as a badge of honor."261 Trump has previously referred to Bannon as "more of a libertarian than anything else",262 although at least one libertarian commentator has disputed this claim.263

Bannon often describes himself as an economic nationalist, criticizing crony capitalism, Austrian economics, and the Objectivist capitalism of Ayn Rand, which he believes seeks to "make people commodities, and to objectify people."264265266267 However, he has also stated that he generally considers himself a free market capitalist, believing it to be "the underpinnings of our society", while noting that he believes America is "more than an economy".268 He has referred to himself as a "proud Christian Zionist" in reference to his support of Israel;269270271 Christian Zionism is a belief some Christians hold regarding Israel and its accordance with Bible prophecy.

Bannon's strategic thinking has been influenced by Neil Howe's and William Strauss's Fourth Turning theory, which proposes that "populism, nationalism and state-run authoritarianism would soon be on the rise, not just in America but around the world. [... Once one strips] away the extraneous accidents and technology, you are left with only a limited number of social moods, which tend to recur in a fixed order. [...] Forests need periodic fires; rivers need periodic floods. Societies, too."272 The book is said to have been a major influence on Bannon's film Generation Zero.273

A former practitioner of Zen meditation, and a nominal Roman Catholic,274 Bannon's political thinking has been influenced by the politics of American populism exemplified by Andrew Jackson, Alexander Hamilton, Henry Clay, James K. Polk, Theodore Roosevelt, and Trump; by Pope Pius XI's socio-political philosophy of subsidiarity, as expressed in the 1931 papal encyclical, Quadragesimo anno, defending that political matters ought to be handled by the lowest, least centralized competent authority; and by René Guénon's Traditionalism, extolling the social efficacy of spiritual ideas transmitted by "primordial" faith traditions such as Vedanta, Buddhism, Sufism, and medieval Christianity, which it argued were under attack by Western secularism. Bannon was particularly influenced by the Hindu scripture Bhagavad Gita and the ancient Chinese military treatise The Art of War.275276 Bannon has also cited Alexander Dugin's Russian nationalist variant of Traditionalism called Eurasianism.277 Bannon has been described as a "policy intellectual".278

Lebanese-American author Nassim Nicholas Taleb, neoreactionary blogger Curtis Yarvin and conservative intellectual Michael Anton have been pointed out as three of the main influences in Steve Bannon's political thinking.279280 Bannon is an admirer of paleoconservative commentator Pat Buchanan.281 Bannon's favorite columnist is academic Walter Russell Mead.282 Political theorist and philosopher Edmund Burke has also been described as a major influence on Bannon's ideological outlook.283 In a 2014 speech to a Vatican conference, Bannon made a passing reference to Julius Evola, a twentieth-century, Nazi-linked Italian writer who influenced Benito Mussolini's Italian Fascism and promoted the Traditionalist School, described by a New York Times writer as "a worldview popular in far-right and alternative religious circles that believes progress and equality are poisonous illusions." Bannon's interest in the ideas of the Traditionalist School was driven by Evola's book Revolt Against the Modern World, and Guénon's books Man and his Becoming according to the Vedanta and The Crisis of the Modern World.284 In March 2016, Bannon stated he appreciates "any piece that mentions Evola."285 In referring to the associated views of Vladimir Putin, who is influenced by Evola follower Dugin, Bannon stated "We, the Judeo-Christian West, really have to look at what he's talking about as far as Traditionalism goes — particularly the sense of where it supports the underpinnings of nationalism."286 He has likewise quoted French anti-Enlightenment writer Charles Maurras approvingly to a French diplomat.287288 Bannon has also repeatedly referenced the controversial 1973 French novel The Camp of the Saints, which depicts immigration destroying Western civilization.289 He has embraced what BBC News describes as Savitri Devi's "account of history as a cyclical battle between good and evil".290 Bannon told an interviewer in 2018 that he is "fascinated by Mussolini", noting: "He was clearly loved by women. He was a guy's guy. He has all that virility. He also had amazing fashion sense, right, that whole thing with the uniforms."291

German film director Leni Riefenstahl, who produced propaganda films for the Nazi regime, is said to have influenced Bannon's film-making techniques, with Bannon describing himself as the "Riefenstahl of the GOP".292 The opening of Bannon's 2012 documentary film The Hope & The Change consciously imitated Riefenstahl's 1935 film The Triumph of the Will, which depicted the 1934 Nuremberg Rally.293

According to The Guardian in January 2018, Bannon's ideology is substantially similar to that of Stephen Miller, Tucker Carlson, Benny Johnson, Raheem Kassam and Matthew Boyle, the latter two having been protégés of Bannon at Breitbart.294

Personal life

Bannon in 2018

Bannon has been married and divorced three times. He has three adult daughters. His first marriage was to Cathleen Suzanne Houff.295 Bannon and Houff had a daughter, Maureen, in 1988 and subsequently divorced.296297

Bannon's second marriage was to Mary Louise Piccard, a former investment banker, in April 1995. Their twin daughters were born three days after the wedding. Piccard filed for dissolution of their marriage in 1997.298299

Bannon was charged with misdemeanor domestic violence, battery, and dissuading a witness in early January 1996 after Piccard accused Bannon of domestic abuse. The charges were later dropped when Piccard did not appear in court.300 In an article in The New York Times Piccard stated her absence was due to threats made to her by Bannon and his lawyer:

Mr. Bannon, she said, told her that "if I went to court, he and his attorney would make sure that I would be the one who was guilty" ... Mr. Bannon's lawyer, she said, "threatened me," telling her that if Mr. Bannon went to jail, she "would have no money and no way to support the children." ... Mr. Bannon's lawyer ... denied pressuring her not to testify.301

Piccard and Bannon divorced in 1997. During the divorce proceedings, Piccard alleged that Bannon had made antisemitic remarks about her choice of schools, saying he did not want to send his children to The Archer School for Girls because there were too many Jews at the school, and Jews raise their children to be "whiny brats". Bannon's spokesperson denied the accusation, noting that he had chosen to send both his children to the Archer School.302303304305306

Bannon's third marriage was to Diane Clohesy; they married in 2006 and divorced in 2009.307308

Filmography

Bannon has been a producer, writer or director on the following films and documentaries:

Year Title Credited as Notes
1991 The Indian Runner309 executive producer
1999 Titus310 co-executive producer
2004 In the Face of Evil: Reagan's War in Word and Deed311 director, co-producer, writer based on the 2003 book Reagan's War by Peter Schweizer
2005 Cochise County USA: Cries from the Border executive producer
2006 Border War: The Battle Over Illegal Immigration executive producer
2007 Tradition Never Graduates: A Season Inside Notre Dame Football executive producer
2009 The Chaos Experiment executive producer
2010 Generation Zero312 director, producer, writer based on the 1997 book The Fourth Turning by William Strauss and Neil Howe313
Battle for America314 director, producer, writer
Fire from the Heartland: The Awakening of the Conservative Woman315 director, producer, writer
2011 Still Point in a Turning World: Ronald Reagan and His Ranch316 director, writer
The Undefeated317318 director, producer, writer about Sarah Palin
2012 Occupy Unmasked319 director, writer
The Hope & The Change320 director, producer, writer
District of Corruption director, producer
2013 Sweetwater321 executive producer
2014 Rickover: The Birth of Nuclear Power executive producer
2016 Clinton Cash producer, writer based on the same-titled Peter Schweizer book Clinton Cash
Torchbearer director, producer, writer features Duck Dynasty patriarch Phil Robertson322
2018 Trump @War323 director, writer Starring Corey Lewandowski, Pete Hegseth, Sebastian Gorka, Raheem Kassam, Sonnie Johnson, Raynard Jackson, Alfredo Ortiz, Sasha Gong, Erik Prince, Joe Concha, Lian Chao Han, Bill Gertz, Michael Caputo, Rob Wasinger, John Zmirak

See also

Notes

  • [b]  "Vice President Pence on the Supreme Court fight, the travel ban and Bannon's sway">Vice President Pence on the Supreme Court fight, the travel ban and Bannon's sway, PBS, accessed February 9, 2017. LINK
  • [c]  Bannon was erroneously referred to as a "managing partner."324

Breitbart called far right

Breitbart associated with alt-right

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213CNN parent's B deal at little risk from Trump, June 7, 2017. LINK
214Restuccia, Andrew et al. How Bannon and Pruitt boxed in Trump on climate pact, Politico, May 31, 2017. LINK
218Racke, Will. Bannon Lost To Kushner In Syria Strike Debate, April 7, 2017. LINK
219Erik Prince's Plan to Privatize the War in Afghanistan, August 18, 2017. LINK
221,268This is what Steve Bannon told the California Republican Party convention, October 21, 2017. LINK
222Bannon: Trump Sucks Up to Putin So He Can Help the Inner Cities, September 11, 2017. LINK
223Trump considers ending Iran deal ahead of key deadline, September 18, 2017. LINK
224Bannon Backs Isolation of Qatar, Comparing Threat to North Korea, October 23, 2017. LINK
225,227Kais, Roi. Bannon tells Arab paper: Turkey is more dangerous than Iran, at ynet, October 28, 2017. LINK
226Steve Bannon claims China, Turkey and Iran will form a "new axis", at Ahval, March 3, 2018. LINK
228Landler, Mark et al. Mixed Signals From Trump Worry Pro-Israel Hard-Liners, The New York Times, May 5, 2017. LINK
229Bannon boycotted Trump meet with 'terrorist' Abbas — report, August 21, 2017. LINK
230Paton, Callum. 'Fire and Fury': Steve Bannon Wanted to Kill Palestinian Statehood, Give Land to Egypt and Jordan, at Newsweek, January 8, 2018. LINK
231Breitbart's culture wars could yet come to Britain, September 19, 2017. LINK
233Zhou, Naaman. Steve Bannon as Napoleon: Trump strategist 'given portrait by Nigel Farage', July 10, 2017. LINK
234The Magazine Interview: the former White House chief strategist Steve Bannon on Nigel Farage, populism in Europe and Trump's visit to London, July 8, 2018. LINK
235,236Marsh, Sarah. Steve Bannon calls for Tommy Robinson to be released from prison, July 15, 2018. LINK
237Mason, Rowena et al. Jacob Rees-Mogg met Steve Bannon to discuss US-UK politics, December 1, 2017. LINK
238Jacob Rees-Mogg Is One Of The Best Conservative Thinkers Globally, July 15, 2018. LINK
239Steve Bannon says: now is the moment for Boris Johnson to challenge UK PM May, July 14, 2018. LINK
240This is Boris' defining moment to offer alternative to May's Brexit, ex-Trump advisor says, July 15, 2018. LINK
241Feder, J. Lester et al. Boris Johnson Has Been Privately Talking To Steve Bannon As They Plot Their Next Moves, at Buzzfeed News, July 25, 2018. LINK
242'Intrigued' Steve Bannon heads to Rome for Italian vote, March 1, 2018. LINK
244'Trump before there was a Trump': Steve Bannon praises Swiss right-wing leader, at The Local, March 7, 2018. LINK
247Loucaides, Darren. Will Bannonism Play in Spain?, at Slate, July 2, 2018. LINK
248Górzyński, Oskar. Steve Bannon chce zjednoczyć europejską skrajną prawicę. Ale Europejczycy się do tego nie palą, July 23, 2018. LINK
250Bannon linked Modi win to 'a global revolt', The Hindu, November 17, 2016. LINK
251Former Trump strategist Bannon praises Abe's nationalist agenda, December 17, 2017. LINK
252Trump pressured to dump nationalist wing, August 15, 2017. LINK
253Sources: Trump dismisses Bannon, August 18, 2017. LINK
254Considering Bannon, March 2, 2017. LINK
256Mead, Rebecca. Rage Machine, May 24, 2010, accessed October 20, 2015. LINK
257Phillip, Abby. Conservatives to know at CPAC 2014, ABC News, March 6, 2014, accessed October 20, 2015. LINK
260Green, Joshua. Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, and the Storming of the Presidency, Penguin Books, page 146.
261Bannon: 'Let them call you racists', March 11, 2018. LINK
262Giaritelli, Anna. Trump: Bannon is 'alt-left', Washington Examiner, May 1, 2017. LINK
263Gillespie, Nick. Steve Bannon Hates Libertarians Because *We're* Not Living in the Real World?, at Reason, March 27, 2017. LINK
265Caldwell, Christopher. What Does Steve Bannon Want?, The New York Times, February 25, 2017, accessed September 16, 2017. LINK
266Sunde, Joseph. How Donald Trump's chief strategist thinks about capitalism and Christianity, at Blog.acton.org, Acton Institute PowerBlog, November 17, 2016, accessed September 16, 2017. LINK
267Hains, Tim. Steve Bannon in 2011: Planning A Revolt Against "Corrupt" And "Compromised Political Class" | Video, RealClearPolitics, February 1, 2017, accessed September 16, 2017. LINK
269Sales, Ben. Stephen Bannon: 'I'm proud to be a Christian Zionist', Jewish Telegraphic Agency, November 13, 2017. LINK
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341Here's Evidence Steve Bannon Joined a Facebook Group That Posts Racist Rants and Obama Death Threats, "This Facebook group is for an outfit called Vigilant Patriots, which claims its goals are defending and upholding the Constitution and preserving "our history and culture." As of Friday morning, it listed nearly 3,600 members, including Stephen Bannon, who apparently joined the group seven years ago.", November 18, 2016. LINK

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