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Sean Spicer
American political strategist and former White House Press Secretary and Communications Director for President Donald Trump
Sean Michael Spicer1 (born September 23, 1971)2 is an American political aide who served as the twenty-eighth White House Press Secretary and as White House Communications Director under President Donald Trump in 2017. Spicer was communications director of the Republican National Committee from 2011 to 2017, and its chief strategist from 2015 to 2017.3
During his tenure as White House press secretary, Spicer made a number of public statements that were controversial and false,456 and he developed a contentious relationship with the White House press corps.789 The first such instance occurred on January 21, 2017, the day following Trump's inauguration. Spicer repeated the claim that crowds at Trump's inauguration ceremony were the largest ever at such an event and that the press had deliberately under-estimated the number of spectators.101112 After this statement was widely criticized, Trump aide Kellyanne Conway said that Spicer had presented what she called "alternative facts" regarding the inauguration's attendance numbers.13
Spicer resigned as White House Press Secretary on July 21, 2017, although he remained at the White House in an unspecified capacity until August 31.141516
Early life
Spicer is the son of Kathryn (née Grossman) and Michael William Spicer (1944–2016).17 The Spicers were living in Port Washington when Sean was born at North Shore Hospital in Manhasset, New York.18 Spicer grew up in the East Bay area of Rhode Island.19 His father was an insurance agent and his mother is the department manager in the East Asian studies department at Brown University.202122
Spicer is of partial Irish descent,23 and was raised Catholic.24 From 1985 to 1989, Spicer attended Portsmouth Abbey School, a Roman Catholic boarding school in Rhode Island.25 While in high school, he volunteered for local political campaigns in Rhode Island and continued those activities while at college.26
He attended Connecticut College from 1989 to 1993 and graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in government.27 In college he was a student senator. In April 1993, an article in the student paper, The College Voice, referred to Spicer as "Sean Sphincter"; Spicer submitted an angry complaint to the paper and followed up by pushing for college judicial action against the paper, for which he received further ribbing from the campus satirical publication Blats. The incident was later cited as a precursor of his contentious relationship with the media in later years.2829
In 2012, he earned a master's degree in national security and strategic studies from the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island.30
Early career
After graduating from college in 1993, Spicer worked on a number of political campaigns.31 In the late 1990s, he worked for representatives Mike Pappas (R-NJ),32 Frank LoBiondo (R-NJ),33 Mark Foley (R-FL),34 and Clay Shaw (R-FL).35
In 1999, Spicer joined the United States Navy Reserve as a public affairs officer; he currently holds the rank of commander.36 As of December 2016, he was assigned to the Joint Chiefs of Staff's naval reserve contingent in Washington, D.C.37
Early government appointments
From 2000 to 2001, Spicer was the communications director on the House Government Reform Committee, and from 2001 to 2002, he was director of incumbent retention at the National Republican Congressional Committee (NRCC).38
From 2003 to 2005,39 Spicer was the communications director and spokesman for the House Budget Committee.40 He subsequently was the communications director for the Republican Conference of the U.S. House of Representatives, and then, from 2006 to 2009, was the assistant for media and public affairs at the Office of the United States Trade Representative in President George W. Bush's administration.41 He wore an Easter bunny suit during the White House Easter Egg Rolls.42
Endeavor Global Strategies
From 2009 to 2011, Spicer was a partner at Endeavor Global Strategies, a public relations firm he co-founded to represent foreign governments and corporations with business before the U.S. government.43 His clients included the government of Colombia, which was then seeking a free trade agreement with the U.S. amid public criticism of its human rights record.44 Spicer worked full-time at the firm until February 2011.45
Republican National Committee
In February 2011, Spicer became the communications director of the Republican National Committee.46 At the RNC, he enlarged the organization's social media operations, built an in-house TV production team, and created a rapid response program to reply to attacks.47 In February 2015, he was given an additional role, as chief strategist for the party.48
While at the RNC, Spicer was critical of then Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump. In June 2015, after Trump said illegal immigrants from Mexico were involved in crimes in the U.S., Spicer said "painting Mexican Americans with that kind of a brush, I think that's probably something that is not helpful to the cause."49 In July 2015, he released a public criticism of Trump's comments on U.S. Senator John McCain, saying "there is no place in our party or our country for comments that disparage those who have served honorably."50
Press secretary for the Trump administration
On December 22, 2016, Spicer was named the White House press secretary for Donald Trump.51 On December 24, he was also named the communications director for the Trump administration after the sudden and unexpected resignation of Jason Miller.52
An April 2017 Politico/Morning Consult poll showed that Spicer had a nationwide name recognition of 60%, much higher than most other White House staffers and previous press secretaries.53
First statement to the press
On January 21, 2017, which was the day after the inauguration and two days before his first official press conference, Spicer made a statement to the press that was negatively critical of the media; he said that they had underestimated the size of the crowds for President Trump's inaugural ceremony. He claimed that the ceremony had drawn the "largest audience to ever to witness an inauguration, period – both in person and around the globe". But as many sources immediately pointed out, that claim was false.5455
Spicer stated that the press had altered images of the event to minimize the size of the crowds.56 He said floor coverings over the grass were to blame for a visual effect that made the audience look smaller, and stated they had never been used before despite the fact that they had been used in 2013 for the preceding second inauguration of Barack Obama.5758 He also used incorrect figures to claim that Metro ridership was higher during Trump's inauguration than during Obama's inauguration, when in fact it was lower than during either of Obama's inaugurations.59 Spicer took no questions after his statement.60 Later, Spicer defended his previous statements by saying "sometimes we can disagree with the facts".61 It was subsequently reported that Spicer had made the statement on direct orders from Trump, who was furious at what he considered unfair press coverage of his inauguration.62
In response to the briefing, conservative political analyst Bill Kristol wrote: "It is embarrassing, as an American, to watch this briefing by Sean Spicer from the podium at the White House."63 Vanity Fair described Spicer's statement as "peppered with lies",64 and The Atlantic described Spicer's briefing as "bizarre". The article referred to the "Trump administration's needless lies" and noted that Spicer's statements appeared to involve a "deliberate attempt to mislead".65 Glenn Kessler of The Washington Post gave Spicer's claims four Pinocchios, writing that he was so appalled by the press secretary's performance that he wished he could have given him five Pinocchios instead of the maximum number of four.66
Trump's team defended Spicer's statements. White House chief of staff Reince Priebus stated that the purpose of Spicer's conference was to call out what he called "dishonesty in the media" and their "obsession with delegitimizing the president".67 Trump's campaign strategist and counselor, Kellyanne Conway, told NBC's Chuck Todd that Trump's inauguration crowd numbers could not be proved nor quantified and that the press secretary was simply giving "alternative facts".68 Todd responded by saying, "Alternative facts are not facts. They are falsehoods."69
First official press conference
Two days later on January 23, 2017, Spicer held his first official White House press conference and took questions from reporters.7071 When Spicer was asked about attendance at the inauguration, he said that his definition of a viewing audience also included individuals who watched the event on television as well as on social media online. He claimed that online viewership must have been in the "tens of millions".72
Spicer's argument was based on the reported figure of 16.9 million people who began streaming the inauguration on CNN's website. This argument has been criticized because the 16.9 million streams included people who started the stream and then left.73
On February 7, 2017, CNN reported that "President Donald Trump is disappointed in Spicer's performance during the first two weeks of the administration." Trump was also upset at White House chief of staff Reince Priebus for recommending Spicer, the network reported. Trump "regrets it every day and blames Priebus", a White House source told CNN.7475 His role as temporary communications director was filled by Michael Dubke on March 6, 2017.76
Hitler–Assad controversy
On April 11, 2017, Spicer issued a statement in reference to the Khan Shaykhun chemical attack. He said that Russia should not support the Syrian government and also commented that in World War II "You had someone as despicable as Hitler who didn't even sink to using chemical weapons."7778
His remarks were widely criticized, especially given the fact that the timing of the remarks coincided with the Jewish holiday of Passover.79 Spicer later clarified that he was not trying to deny that Hitler used lethal gas during the Holocaust, instead that he was trying to compare how Assad dropped bombs on population centers to how Hitler used the gas.80 Amid calls for his resignation, Spicer apologized the next day.8182
Relationship with White House press corps
As White House press secretary, Spicer had a contentious relationship with the White House press corps.838485 In February 2017, the White House selectively blocked several news outlets—including the BBC, CNN, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times and Politico—from an off-camera briefing (or "gaggle") with Spicer, a move that prompted strong objections from the outlets concerned, as well as by the White House Correspondents' Association.868788 The Washington Post wrote that the barring of the outlets was "a rare and surprising move that came amid President Trump's escalating war against the media."89 Reporters from the Associated Press and Time magazine were admitted to the briefing, but chose not to attend in protest of the exclusion of other journalists.9091
Defendant in Twitter lawsuit
On July 11, 2017, Spicer, along with Donald Trump, and Dan Scavino (the White House director of social media), was sued by the Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University in U.S. federal court in Manhattan. The suit, Knight First Amendment Institute v. Trump, alleges that Trump and the White House officials violated the First Amendment by blocking some users from accessing Trump's Twitter content.92
Resignation
On July 21, 2017, Spicer announced his intention to resign as White House Press Secretary. He made his decision known immediately after President Trump appointed financier Anthony Scaramucci as White House communications director. In the weeks leading up to the resignation announcement, Spicer had sought "a more strategic communications role" in the White House.93 Trump had reportedly been dissatisfied for some time with Spicer's performance as White House Press Secretary.94 According to The New York Times, Trump asked Spicer to stay on, but Spicer announced his resignation after telling the President he "vehemently disagreed" with the appointment of Scaramucci. In a tweet, Spicer said that it has been "an honor and a privilege" to serve Trump and that he would continue his service in the White House, through August 2017. His new position was not identified.95 Sarah Huckabee Sanders was announced as the new White House Press Secretary the same day.96
Post-White House activities
After several low-profile months, Spicer made a cameo appearance at the presentation of the Emmy Awards on September 17, spoofing his own image by predicting that the Emmys broadcast would garner "the largest audience to witness an Emmys, period". The following week he gave an interview to The New York Times and appeared on Good Morning America.9798 Also, it was revealed that during his eight-month tenure at the White House he kept copious notes on what he did, saw, and heard, filling numerous notebooks. The revelation provoked speculation that the notebooks would be of interest to the investigation of special prosecutor Robert Mueller.99
On The Sean Hannity Show in December 2017, Spicer announced that he will release a book in July 2018 titled The Briefing: Politics, the Press, and the President about his tenure with the Trump administration.100
Personal life
On November 13, 2004, Spicer married Rebecca Miller, at the time a television producer, at St. Alban's Episcopal Church in Washington, D.C.101 Spicer and his wife live in Alexandria, Virginia. They have two children.102 His wife is senior vice president, communications and public affairs, for the National Beer Wholesalers Association.103104 He is a Catholic.105106
In popular culture
Several commentators have compared Spicer to "Baghdad Bob", Information Minister under Iraqi President Saddam Hussein.107108109
Spicer's frequently combative press conferences were satirized four times on Saturday Night Live in 2017, with actress Melissa McCarthy playing the role of Spicer.110111112113 Her portrayal was described by a staff writer at The Atlantic as "genius", mixing "energy and weaponized hostility".114 Spicer stated that he found the skits funny, but suggested that McCarthy "could dial back" a bit.115
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